Skip to main content

Fixed point theorems of generalized Lipschitz mappings on cone metric spaces over Banach algebras without assumption of normality

Abstract

In this paper, we first present some elementary results concerning cone metric spaces over Banach algebras. Next, by using these results and the related ones about c-sequence on cone metric spaces we obtain some new fixed point theorems for the generalized Lipschitz mappings on cone metric spaces over Banach algebras without the assumption of normality. As a consequence, our main results improve and generalize the corresponding results in the recent paper by Liu and Xu (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013:320, 2013).

MSC:54H25, 47H10.

1 Introduction

In 2007, cone metric spaces were reviewed by Huang and Zhang, as a generalization of metric spaces (see [1]). The distance d(x,y) of two elements x and y in a cone metric space X is defined to be a vector in an ordered Banach space E, quite different from that which is defined to be a non-negative real number in general metric spaces. They gave the version of the Banach contraction principle and other basic theorems in the setting of cone metric spaces. Later on, by omitting the assumption of normality in the results of [1], Rezapour and Hamlbarani [2] obtained some fixed point theorems, as the generalizations of the relevant results in [1]. Besides, they presented a number of examples to prove the existence of non-normal cones, which shows that such generalizations are meaningful. Since then, many authors have been interested in the study of fixed point results in the setting of cone metric spaces (see [210]).

Recall that a mapping T:XX is said to be contractive if there is a constant k[0,1) such that

d(Tx,Ty)kd(x,y),x,yX.
(1)

The right-hand side of the inequality (1) is the vector as the result of the operation of scalar multiplication in cone metric spaces. In [1], the authors proved that there exists a unique fixed point for contractive mappings in complete cone metric spaces.

Recently, some authors investigated the problem of whether cone metric spaces are equivalent to metric spaces in terms of the existence of the fixed points of the mappings involved. They established the equivalence between some fixed point results in metric and in (topological vector space-valued) cone metric spaces see [1114]. Actually, they showed that any cone metric space (X,d) is equivalent to a usual metric space (X, d ), where the real-valued metric function d is defined by a nonlinear scalarization function ξ e (see [12]) or by a Minkowski functional q e (see [13]). After that, some other interesting generalizations were developed. See, for instance, [4].

Very recently, Liu and Xu [15] introduced the concept of cone metric spaces over Banach algebras (which were called cone metric spaces over Banach algebras in [15]), replacing Banach spaces by Banach algebras as the underlying spaces of cone metric spaces. They replaced the Banach space E by a Banach algebra and introduced the concept of cone metric spaces over Banach algebras. In this way, they proved some fixed point theorems of generalized Lipschitz mappings with weaker and natural conditions on generalized Lipschitz constant k by means of spectral radius. Note that it is significant to introduce the concept of cone metric spaces with Banach algebras since one can prove that cone metric spaces with Banach algebras are not equivalent to metric spaces in terms of the existence of the fixed points of the generalized Lipschitz mappings. As a matter of fact, Liu and Xu showed that the main results obtained in [15] could not be reduced to a consequence of corresponding results in metric spaces by means of the methods in the literature. This does bring about prosperity in the study of cone metric spaces. However, the proofs of the main results in [15] depends strongly on the condition that the underlying solid cone is normal. In this paper, we delete the superfluous assumption of normality of the paper [15] and also obtain the existence and uniqueness of the fixed point for the generalized Lipschitz mappings in the setting of cone metric spaces over Banach algebras. The methods and techniques used in this paper are quite different from those appearing in [2]. Furthermore, we give an example to support that it is meaningful to set up fixed point theorems of generalized Lipschitz mappings without the assumption of normality of the underlying solid cones.

2 Preliminaries

Let always be a real Banach algebra. That is, is a real Banach space in which an operation of multiplication is defined, subject to the following properties (for all x,y,zA, αR):

  1. 1.

    (xy)z=x(yz);

  2. 2.

    x(y+z)=xy+xz and (x+y)z=xz+yz;

  3. 3.

    α(xy)=(αx)y=x(αy);

  4. 4.

    xyxy.

Throughout this paper, we shall assume that a Banach algebra has a unit (i.e., a multiplicative identity) e such that ex=xe=x for all xA. An element xA is said to be invertible if there is an inverse element yA such that xy=yx=e. The inverse of x is denoted by  x 1 . For more details, we refer to [16].

The following proposition is well known (see [16]).

Proposition 2.1 Let be a Banach algebra with a unit e, and xA. If the spectral radius r(x) of x is less than 1, i.e.,

r(x)= lim n x n 1 n = inf n 1 x n 1 n <1,

then ex is invertible. Actually,

( e x ) 1 = i = 0 x i .

Remark 2.1 From [16] we see that the spectral radius r(x) of x satisfies

r(x)x

for all xA, where is a Banach algebra with a unit e.

Remark 2.2 In Proposition 2.1, if the condition ‘r(x)<1’ is replaced by x1, then the conclusion remains true.

Now let us recall the concepts of cone and semi-order for a Banach algebra . A subset P of is called a cone of if

  1. 1.

    P is non-empty closed and {θ,e}P;

  2. 2.

    αP+βPP for all non-negative real numbers α, β;

  3. 3.

    P 2 =PPP;

  4. 4.

    P(P)={θ},

where θ denotes the null of the Banach algebra . For a given cone PA, we can define a partial ordering with respect to P by xy if and only if yxP. xy will stand for xy and xy, while xy will stand for yxintP, where intP denotes the interior of P. If intP then P is called a solid cone.

The cone P is called normal if there is a number M>0 such that, for all x,yA,

θxyxMy.

The least positive number satisfying above is called the normal constant of P [1].

In the following we always assume that P is a cone in with intP and is the partial ordering with respect to P.

Definition 2.1 (See [1, 15] and [17])

Let X be a non-empty set. Suppose that the mapping d:X×XA satisfies

  1. 1.

    0d(x,y) for all x,yX and d(x,y)=0 if and only if x=y;

  2. 2.

    d(x,y)=d(y,x) for all x,yX;

  3. 3.

    d(x,y)d(x,z)+d(z,x) for all x,y,zX.

Then d is called a cone metric on X, and (X,d) is called a cone metric space over a Banach algebra .

For convenance, we give an example of cone metric space over Banach algebra as follows. For more examples, see [15].

Example 2.1 (See [15])

Let A= M n (R)={a= ( a i j ) n × n a i j R,for all 1i,jn} be the algebra of all n-square real matrices, and define the norm

a= 1 i , j n | a i j |.

Then is a real Banach algebra with the unit e the identity matrix.

Let P={aA a i j 0,for all 1i,jn}. Then PA is a normal cone with normal constant M=1.

Let X= M n (R), and define the metric d:X×XA by

d(x,y)=d ( ( x i j ) n × n , ( y i j ) n × n ) = ( | x i j y i j | ) n × n A.

Then (X,d) is a cone metric space over Banach algebra with normality.

Example 2.2 Let A= C R 1 [0,1] and define a norm on by x= x + x for xA. Define multiplication in as just pointwise multiplication. Then is a real unital Banach algebra with unit e=1. The set P={xA:x0} is a cone in . Moreover, P is not normal (see [2]).

Let X={1,2,3}. Define d:X×XA by d(1,2)(t)=d(2,1)(t)=d(2,3)(t)=d(3,2)(t)= e t , d(1,3)(t)=d(3,1)(t)=2 e t , d(x,x)(t)=0. We see that (X,d) is a cone metric space over Banach algebra without normality.

Definition 2.2 (See [1, 15] or [17])

Let (X,d) be a cone metric space over a Banach algebra , xX and let { x n } be a sequence in X. Then:

  1. 1.

    { x n } converges to x whenever for each cA with θc there is a natural number N such that d( x n ,x)c for all nN. We denote this by lim n x n =x or x n x.

  2. 2.

    { x n } is a Cauchy sequence whenever for each cA with θc there is a natural number N such that d( x n , x m )c for all n,mN.

  3. 3.

    (X,d) is a complete cone metric space if every Cauchy sequence is convergent.

Now, we shall appeal to the following lemmas in the sequel.

Lemma 2.1 (See [18])

If E is a real Banach space with a cone P and if aλa with aP and 0λ<1, then a=θ.

Lemma 2.2 (See [9])

If E is a real Banach space with a solid cone P and if θuc for each θc, then u=θ.

Lemma 2.3 (See [9])

If E is a real Banach space with a solid cone P and if x n 0 (n), then for any θc, there exists NN such that, for any n>N, we have x n c.

Finally, let us recall the concept of generalized Lipschitz mapping defining on the cone metric spaces over Banach algebras, which is introduced in [15].

Definition 2.3 (See [15])

Let (X,d) be a cone metric space over a Banach algebra . A mapping T:XX is called a generalized Lipschitz mapping if there exists a vector kP with r(k)<1 and for all x,yX, one has

d(Tx,Ty)kd(x,y).

Remark 2.3 In Definition 2.3, we only suppose the spectral radius of k is less than 1, while k<1 is not assumed. Generally speaking, it is meaningful since by Remark 2.1, the condition r(k)<1 is weaker than that k<1.

Remark 2.4 If r(k)<1 then k n 0 (n).

3 Main results

In this section, by omitting the assumption of normality of the main results in Liu and Xu [15], we shall prove some fixed point theorems of generalized Lipschitz mappings in the setting of cone metric spaces over Banach algebras.

We begin this section with reviewing some facts on c-sequence theory.

Definition 3.1 (See [19, 20])

Let P be a solid cone in a Banach space . A sequence { u n }P is a c-sequence if for each cθ there exists n 0 N such that u n c for n n 0 .

It is easy to show the following proposition.

Proposition 3.1 (See [19])

Let P be a solid cone in a Banach space and let { x n } and { y n } be sequences in P. If { x n } and { y n } are c-sequences and α,β>0, then {α x n +β y n } is a c-sequence.

In addition to Proposition 3.1 above, the following propositions are crucial to the proof of our main result.

Proposition 3.2 (See [19])

Let P be a solid cone in a Banach algebra and let { x n } be a sequence in P. Then the following conditions are equivalent:

  1. (1)

    { x n } is a c-sequence.

  2. (2)

    For each cθ there exists n 0 N such that x n c for n n 0 .

  3. (3)

    For each cθ there exists n 1 N such that x n c for n n 1 .

Proposition 3.3 Let P be a solid cone in a Banach algebra and let { u n } be a sequence in P. Suppose that kP is an arbitrarily given vector and { u n } is a c-sequence in P. Then {k u n } is a c-sequence.

Proof Fix cθ. Then also c m θ for all mN. Therefore, since { x n } is a c-sequence, it follows that, for each mN, there exists n m N such that u n c m for all n n m . Hence, for all n n m we have k u n k c m . Now, since k c m θ as m, there exists m 1 N such that k c m c for all m> m 1 . Hence, there exists n 0 N such that, for all n> n 0 we have k u n c, that is, {k u n } is a c-sequence. □

Proposition 3.4 Let be a Banach algebra with a unit e, P be a cone in and be the semi-order generated by the cone P. The following assertions hold true:

  1. (i)

    For any x,yA, aP with xy, we have axay.

  2. (ii)

    For any sequences { x n },{ y n }A with x n x (n) and y n y (n) where x,yA, we have x n y n xy (n).

Proposition 3.5 Let be a Banach algebra with a unit e, P be a cone in and be the semi-order generated by the cone P. Let λP. If the spectral radius r(λ) of λ is less than 1, then the following assertions hold true:

  1. (i)

    Suppose that x is invertible and that x 1 θ implies xθ, then for any integer n1, we have λ n λe.

  2. (ii)

    For any u>θ, we have uλu, i.e., λuuP.

  3. (iii)

    If λθ, then we have ( e λ ) 1 θ.

Proof (i) Since r(λ)<1, by Proposition 2.1, we see the element eλ is invertible. Considering

e=(eλ) ( e λ ) 1 =(eλ) i = 0 λ i

we have

λ=(eλ) i = 1 λ i (eλ) i = 0 λ i =(eλ) ( e λ ) 1 =e,

which implies that

λ n λ

for all n1 by induction. Therefore, the conclusion of (i) is true.

(ii) If it is not true, then there exists an element u 0 A with u 0 >θ such that

u 0 λ u 0 .

Hence it follows that

(eλ) u 0 θ.

Then multiplying both sides with ( e λ ) 1 , it follows that u 0 =θ, a contradiction.

  1. (iii)

    It is obvious. □

Remark 3.1 Proposition 3.5(ii) is the version of Lemma 2.1 in the setting of cone metric spaces over Banach algebras.

It is easy to show the following proposition by Definitions 2.1 and 3.1, so we omit its proof.

Proposition 3.6 Let (X,d) be a complete cone metric space over a Banach algebra and let P be the underlying solid cone in Banach algebra . Let { x n } be a sequence in X. If { x n } converges to xX, then we have:

  1. (i)

    {d( x n ,x)} is a c-sequence.

  2. (ii)

    For any pN, {d( x n , x n + p )} is a c-sequence.

Now, we begin to present the version of the famous Banach contraction principle for generalized Lipschitz mappings in the setting of cone metric space over Banach algebra without the assumption of normality of the underlying solid cone.

Theorem 3.1 Let (X,d) be a complete cone metric space over a Banach algebra and let P be the underlying solid cone with kP where r(k)<1. Suppose the mapping T:XX satisfies generalized Lipschitz condition:

d(Tx,Ty)kd(x,y)for all x,yX.

Then T has a unique fixed point in X. For any xX, iterative sequence { T n x} converges to the fixed point.

Proof Let xX be arbitrarily given and set x n = T n x, n1. We have

d( x n + 1 , x n )kd( x n , x n 1 ) k n d( x 1 , x 0 ).

Thus, for n<m, we have

d ( x n , x m ) d ( x n , x n + 1 ) + + d ( x m 1 , x m ) ( k n + + k m 1 ) d ( x 1 , x 0 ) = ( e + k + + k m n 1 ) k n d ( x 1 , x 0 ) ( i = 0 k i ) k n d ( x 1 , x 0 ) = ( e k ) 1 k n d ( x 1 , x 0 ) .

By Lemma 2.3 and the fact that k n ( e k ) 1 d( x 0 , x 1 )0 (n) (noting that by Remark 2.4, k n 0 (n)), it follows that, for any cA with θc, there exists NN such that, for any m>n>N, we have

d( x m , x n ) k n ( e k ) 1 d( x 0 , x 1 )c,

which implies that { x n } is a Cauchy sequence.

By the completeness of X, there exists x X such that x n x (n). Furthermore, one has

d ( T x , x ) d ( T x , T x n ) + d ( T x n , x ) k d ( x , x n ) + d ( x n + 1 , x ) .

Therefore, it follows from Definition 3.1, Propositions 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.6 that we have d( x ,T x ) y n where y n is a c-sequence in cone P. Hence, for each cθ we have d( x ,T x )c, so d( x ,T x )=θ by Lemma 2.2. Thus x is a fixed point of T.

Finally, we prove the uniqueness of the fixed point. The proof is as same as that in Theorem 2.1 in [15] since it actually does not require the assumption of normality of the underlying solid cone. □

In the following, we will present some other fixed point theorems of generalized Lipschitz mappings in the setting of cone metric space over Banach algebra without the assumption of normality of the underlying solid cone. For convenience, let us give some basic results concerning spectral radius.

Lemma 3.1 Let be a Banach algebra and let x, y be vectors in . If x and y commute, then the following hold:

  1. (i)

    r(xy)r(x)r(y);

  2. (ii)

    r(x+y)r(x)+r(y);

  3. (iii)

    |r(x)r(y)|r(xy).

Lemma 3.2 Let be a Banach algebra and let { x n } be a sequence in . Suppose that { x n } converges to x in and that x n and x commute for all n, then we have r( x n )r(x) as n.

Proof It follows from Lemma 3.1 and Remark 2.1 that

|r( x n )r(x)|r( x n x) x n x0(n),

which completes the proof. □

Lemma 3.3 Let be a Banach algebra and let k be a vector in . If 0r(k)<1, then we have r( ( e k ) 1 ) ( 1 r ( k ) ) 1 .

Proof Since 0r(k)<1, it follows that

( e k ) 1 =e+ i = 1 k i =e+ lim n i = 1 n k i .

Hence, it follows from Lemmas 3.1 and 3.2 that

r ( ( e k ) 1 ) r ( e ) + r ( lim n i = 1 n k i ) r ( e ) + lim n i = 1 n ( r ( k ) ) i 1 + i = 1 ( r ( k ) ) i = ( 1 r ( k ) ) 1 ,

which completes the proof. □

Theorem 3.2 Let (X,d) be a complete cone metric space over a Banach algebra and let P be the underlying solid cone with kP where r(k)< 1 2 . Suppose the mapping T:XX satisfies the generalized Lipschitz condition

d(Tx,Ty)k ( d ( T x , y ) + d ( T y , x ) ) for all x,yX.

Then T has a unique fixed point in X. And for any xX, iterative sequence { T n x} converges to the fixed point.

Proof Let xX be arbitrarily given and set x n = T n x, n1. We have

d ( x n + 1 , x n ) = d ( T x n , T x n 1 ) k ( d ( T x n , x n 1 ) + d ( T x n 1 , x n ) ) k ( d ( x n + 1 , x n ) + d ( x n , x n 1 ) ) .

That is,

d( x n + 1 , x n ) ( e k ) 1 kd( x n , x n 1 ).

We now prove that

r ( ( e k ) 1 k ) <1.

In fact, noting that ( e k ) 1 and k commute, by Lemma 3.3 above and the fact that r(k)< 1 2 , we have

r ( ( e k ) 1 k ) r ( ( e k ) 1 ) r ( k ) r ( k ) 1 r ( k ) < 1 .

Hence, by the proof of Theorem 3.1, we can easily see that the sequence { x n } is Cauchy.

By the completeness of X, there is x X such that x n x (n). To verify T x = x , we have

d ( T x , x ) d ( T x , T x n ) + d ( T x n , x ) k ( d ( T x , x n ) + d ( T x n , x ) ) + d ( x n + 1 , x ) k ( d ( T x , x ) + d ( x , x n ) + d ( x n + 1 , x ) ) + d ( x n + 1 , x ) .

That is,

(ek)d ( T x , x ) kd ( x , x n ) +(e+k)d ( x , x n + 1 ) .

Hence, from the condition r(k)< 1 2 <1 we get

d ( T x , x ) ( e k ) 1 ( k d ( x , x n ) + ( e + k ) d ( x , x n + 1 ) ) .

Therefore, it follows from Definition 3.1, Propositions 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.6 that we have d( x ,T x ) y n where y n is a c-sequence in cone P. Hence, for each cθ we have d( x ,T x )c, so d( x ,T x )=θ by Lemma 2.2. Thus x is a fixed point of T.

Now we prove the uniqueness of the fixed point. In fact, if y is another fixed point, then

d ( x , y ) = d ( T x , T y ) k ( d ( T x , y ) + d ( T y , x ) ) = 2 k d ( x , y ) .

Thus

d ( x , y ) ( 2 k ) n d ( x , y )

for any n1.

By Lemma 2.3 and the fact that ( 2 k ) n d( x , y )0 (n) (noting that by the condition r(k)< 1 2 and Remark 2.4, ( 2 k ) n 0 (n)), it follows that, for any cA with θc, there exists NN such that, for any n>N, we have

d ( x , y ) ( 2 k ) n d ( x , y ) c,

which implies by Lemma 2.2 that d( x , y )=0, so x = y , a contradiction. Hence, the fixed point is unique. □

Theorem 3.3 Let (X,d) be a complete cone metric space over a Banach algebra and let P be the underlying solid cone with kP where r(k)< 1 2 . Suppose the mapping T:XX satisfies the generalized Lipschitz condition

d(Tx,Ty)k ( d ( T x , x ) + d ( T y , y ) ) for all x,yX.

Then T has a unique fixed point in X. And for any xX, iterative sequence { T n x} converges to the fixed point.

Proof Let xX be arbitrarily given and set x n = T n x, n1. We have

d ( x n + 1 , x n ) = d ( T x n , T x n 1 ) k ( d ( T x n , x n ) + d ( T x n 1 , x n 1 ) ) = k ( d ( x n + 1 , x n ) + d ( x n , x n 1 ) ) .

That is,

d( x n + 1 , x n ) ( e k ) 1 kd( x n , x n 1 ).

As is shown in the proof of Theorem 3.2, { x n } is a Cauchy sequence, and, by the completeness of X, the limit of { x n } exists and is denoted by x .

To see that x is a fixed point of T, we have

d ( T x , x ) d ( T x , T x n ) + d ( T x n , x ) k ( d ( T x , x ) + d ( T x n , x n ) ) + d ( x n + 1 , x ) .

So we get

d ( T x , x ) ( e k ) 1 ( k d ( x n + 1 , x n ) + d ( x n + 1 , x ) ) .

Therefore, it follows from Definition 3.1, Propositions 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.6 that we have d( x ,T x ) y n where y n is a c-sequence in cone P. Hence, for each cθ we have d( x ,T x )c, so d( x ,T x )=θ by Lemma 2.2. Thus x is a fixed point of T.

Finally, we prove the uniqueness of the fixed point. The proof is as same as that in Theorem 2.3 in [15] since it actually does not require the assumption of normality of the underlying solid cone. □

Remark 3.2 The method and technique to prove the inequality

r ( ( e k ) 1 k ) <1

in Theorems 3.2 and 3.3 in this paper are more simple than and different from those in Theorems 2.2 and 2.3 in [15].

We conclude the paper with two examples.

Example 3.1 Let A= C R 1 [0,1] be the same as that in Example 2.2. Then the set P={xA:x0} is a non-normal cone in .

Let X={1,2,3}. Define d:X×XA by d(1,2)(t)=d(2,1)(t)= e t , d(2,3)(t)=d(3,2)(t)=2 e t , d(3,1)(t)=d(1,3)(t)=3 e t , for all t[0,1] and d(x,x)(t)=θ for each xX and for all t[0,1]. We find that (X,d) is a solid cone metric space over Banach algebra . Further, let T:XX be a mapping defined with T1=T2=2, T3=1 and let kP defined with k(t)= 1 3 t+ 1 2 . By careful calculations one sees that all the conditions of Theorem 3.1 are fulfilled. The point x=2 is the unique fixed point of the map T.

Example 3.2 [15]

Let A= R 2 . For each ( x 1 , x 2 )A, ( x 1 , x 2 )=| x 1 |+| x 2 |. The multiplication is defined by

xy=( x 1 , x 2 )( y 1 , y 2 )=( x 1 y 1 , x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 1 ).

Then is a Banach algebra with unit e=(1,0).

Let P={( x 1 , x 2 ) R 2 x 1 , x 2 0}. Then P is normal with normal constant M=1.

Let X= R 2 and the metric d be defined by

d(x,y)=d ( ( x 1 , x 2 ) , ( y 1 , y 2 ) ) = ( | x 1 y 1 | , | x 2 y 2 | ) P.

Then (X,d) is a complete cone metric space over a Banach algebra .

Now define mapping T:XX by

T( x 1 , x 2 )= ( log ( 2 + | x 1 | ) , arctan ( 3 + | x 2 | ) + α x 1 ) ,

where α can be any large positive real number. Then we have

d ( T ( x 1 , x 2 ) , T ( y 1 , y 2 ) ) ( 1 2 | x 1 y 1 | , 1 10 | x 2 y 2 | + α | x 1 y 1 | ) ( 1 2 , α ) d ( ( x 1 , x 2 ) , ( y 1 , y 2 ) ) ,

where the spectral radius of ( 1 2 ,α) satisfies r(( 1 2 ,α))<1. In addition, all the other conditions of Theorem 3.1 are fulfilled. By Theorem 3.1, T has a unique fixed point in X.

Remark 3.3 Since in Example 3.1 the underlying solid cone P in the Banach algebra is not normal, we can conclude that any of the theorems in [15] cannot cope with Example 3.1, which shows that the main results without the assumption of normality in this paper are meaningful.

Remark 3.4 In Example 3.2, we see that the main results in this paper are indeed more different than the standard results of cone metric spaces presented in the literature.

References

  1. Huang L-G, Zhang X: Cone metric spaces and fixed point theorems of contractive mappings. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2007, 332: 1468–1476.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Rezapour S, Hamlbarani R: Some notes on the paper ‘Cone metric spaces and fixed point theorems of contractive mappings’. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2008, 345: 719–724.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Jiang S, Li Z: Extensions of Banach contraction principle to partial cone metric spaces over a non-normal solid cone. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013., 2013: Article ID 250

    Google Scholar 

  4. Abbas M, Rajić VĆ, Nazir T, Radenović S: Common fixed point of mappings satisfying rational inequalities in ordered complex valued generalized metric spaces. Afr. Math. 2013. 10.1007/s13370-013-0185-z

    Google Scholar 

  5. Al-Khaleel M, Al-Sharifa S, Khandaqji M: Fixed points for contraction mappings in generalized cone metric spaces. Jordan J. Math. Stat. 2012, 5(4):291–307.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gajić L, Rakočević V: Quasi-contractions on a nonnormal cone metric space. Funct. Anal. Appl. 2012, 46(1):75–79.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Ilić D, Rakočević V: Quasi-contraction on a cone metric space. Appl. Math. Lett. 2009, 22(5):728–731.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Kadelburg Z, Radenović S, Rakočević V: Remarks on ‘Quasi-contraction on a cone metric space’. Appl. Math. Lett. 2009, 22(11):1674–1679.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Radenović S, Rhoades BE: Fixed point theorem for two non-self mappings in cone metric spaces. Comput. Math. Appl. 2009, 57: 1701–1707.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Janković S, Kadelburg Z, Radenović S: On the cone metric space: a survey. Nonlinear Anal. 2011, 74: 2591–2601.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Çakallı H, Sönmez A, Genç Ç: On an equivalence of topological vector space valued cone metric spaces and metric spaces. Appl. Math. Lett. 2012, 25: 429–433.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Du WS: A note on cone metric fixed point theory and its equivalence. Nonlinear Anal. 2010, 72(5):2259–2261.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Kadelburg Z, Radenović S, Rakočević V: A note on the equivalence of some metric and cone metric fixed point results. Appl. Math. Lett. 2011, 24: 370–374.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Feng Y, Mao W: The equivalence of cone metric spaces and metric spaces. Fixed Point Theory 2010, 11(2):259–264.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu H, Xu S: Cone metric spaces with Banach algebras and fixed point theorems of generalized Lipschitz mappings. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013., 2013: Article ID 320

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rudin W: Functional Analysis. 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill, New York; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Liu H, Xu S: Fixed point theorem of quasi-contractions on cone metric spaces with Banach algebras. Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2013., 2013: Article ID 187348

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kadelburg Z, Pavlović M, Radenović S: Common fixed point theorems for ordered contractions and quasi-contractions in ordered cone metric spaces. Comput. Math. Appl. 2010, 59: 3148–3159.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Kadelburg Z, Radenović S: A note on various types of cones and fixed point results in cone metric spaces. Asian J. Math. Appl. 2013., 2013: Article ID ama0104

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dordević M, Dorić D, Kadelburg Z, Radenović S, Spasić D: Fixed point results under c -distance in tvs-cone metric spaces. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2011., 2011: Article ID 29 10.1186/1687-1812-2011-29

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the referees and the editors for valuable comments and suggestions, which have improved the original manuscript greatly. The research is partially supported by Doctoral Initial Foundation of Hanshan Normal University, China (No. QD20110920).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shaoyuan Xu.

Additional information

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

Both authors contributed equally and significantly in writing this paper. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xu, S., Radenović, S. Fixed point theorems of generalized Lipschitz mappings on cone metric spaces over Banach algebras without assumption of normality. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2014, 102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2014-102

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2014-102

Keywords