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A note on ‘N-fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractions in partially ordered metric spaces’
Fixed Point Theory and Applications volume 2013, Article number: 310 (2013)
Abstract
In this note we prove that a kind of mappings depending on k arguments introduced in (Paknazar et al. in Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013:111, 2013) only depend on their first argument. Therefore, results in that paper reduce to the unidimensional case. We also include some commentaries about the different notions of multidimensional fixed point.
MSC:46T99, 47H10, 47H09, 54H25.
Recently, Paknazar et al. [1] introduced the concept of new g-monotone property for a mapping as follows.
Definition 1 (Paknazar et al. [1], Definition 2.2)
Let X be a non-empty set (provided with a partial order ≼), and let and () be two given mappings. F is said to have the new g-monotone property if F is monotone g-non-decreasing in its first argument. That is, for any ,
We prove that there is not a wide range of mappings verifying this condition.
Theorem 2 Let be a partially ordered set, and let and () be two given mappings such that F has the new g-monotone property. Then there exists a unique g-non-decreasing mapping such that
Therefore, F only depends on its first variable and all results in [1] can be reduced to the unidimensional case.
Proof Fix a point and define by for all . To prove (1), let be arbitrary. Since , the new g-monotone property yields
which means that .
Furthermore, suppose that are such that . By the new g-monotone property, we observe that
that is, f is a g-non-decreasing mapping. The unicity of f is obvious. □
The main result in Paknazar et al. [1] is the following theorem.
Theorem 3 (Paknazar et al. [1], Theorem 2.5)
Let be a partially ordered complete metric space, and let and be two given mappings such that F has a new g-monotone property, g is continuous, and g commutes with F. Assume that there exists a continuous function , satisfying
-
(i)
for and ,
-
(ii)
for each ,
such that
for all , () so that for all and for all , and suppose that there exist such that
Also suppose that either
-
(a)
F is continuous, or
-
(b)
X has the following property:
-
(i)
If a non-decreasing sequence , then for all n;
-
(ii)
If a non-increasing sequence , then for all n.
Then there exist such that
-
(i)
That is, F and g have a k-coincidence point.
Firstly, notice that if φ is continuous and for all , then , so the condition in (i) can be avoided. But mainly, we claim that this theorem is an immediate consequence of the following unidimensional result (a two-dimensional version of the following result can be found in [2], a multidimensional version is in [3]), which can be seen as a natural extension of Ran and Reurings’ theorem [4] and Nieto and Rodríguez-López’s theorem [5].
Theorem 4 Let be a complete partially ordered metric space, and let be two mappings such that T is g-non-decreasing and g is continuous. Suppose that there exists such that and for each , verifying
Also assume that T is continuous or is regular (that is, it verifies condition (b) of the previous theorem). If there exists a point such that , then T and g have a coincidence point, that is, a point such that .
To prove our claim, notice that if F verifies the new g-monotone property, we have showed that there exists a mapping such that
When f is continuous, then f is continuous; since F and g commute, then f and g commute; since , then ; and similarly ; furthermore, the contractivity condition is similarly proved. Classical techniques assure that f and g have a coincidence point, that is, there is such that . Therefore is a k-coincidence point between F and g, that is, .
To end this note, we include some considerations about the notion of multidimensional fixed point that researchers could take into account. Let be a mapping. After the appearance of Guo and Lakshmikantham’s notion of coupled fixed point (see [6]),
Berinde’s notion of tripled fixed point (see [7]),
some authors have paid attention to the multidimensional case. A first attempt to generalize this notion was given by Berzig and Samet in [10]. We have to distinguish between two kinds of definitions.
-
In some cases, one or more arguments do not have to appear in all equations. For instance, the following notion was given in [11] (and was also mentioned in Paknazar et al., Definition 1.12, although it was not used in that paper):
This definition can be interpreted as an extension of the second equation of Berinde and Borcut’s notion, that is, . This case yields the equations systems in which some arguments do not appear. Besides Berinde and Borcut’s second equation in the tripled case, if , the corresponding system is
This could be a difficulty in proving some results and, furthermore, this case is not possible when a researcher is interested in a system whose equations involve, at the same time, all variables.
-
In other cases, the arguments are permuted. For instance, the notion of k-fixed point introduced in Paknazar et al. (Definition 2.1) is as follows:
(2)(for simplicity, we do not consider the coincidence case involving a mapping g). This notion generalizes Karapınar and Luong’s quadrupled concept, that is,
However, we remark that the equation system (2) is not suitable to work with the classical mixed monotone property when k is odd. For instance, if and F is monotone non-decreasing in its odd arguments and monotone non-increasing in its even arguments, then the equations
and
do not let us to show the existence of fixed points using the classical mixed monotone property. Berinde and Borcut realized that this definition is not convenient, so they had to consider the equation . System (2) only works when k is even. Obviously, Paknazar et al. succeeded in proving their main results in [1] because, as we have showed before, the new g-mixed monotone property is very restrictive.
Finally, we comment that a more convenient notion of k-fixed point was given by Roldán et al. in [12]. This definition has three advantages: (1) it describes how the arguments can be reordered or permuted, (2) it works with the classical mixed monotone property, and (3) it extends Guo and Lakshmikantham’s coupled case, Berinde’s tripled case, Karapınar and Luong’s quadrupled case and Berzig and Samet’s multidimensional case. As we can easily see, the main result in [11] (that the reader can find in [[1], Theorem 1.13] as a literature) is weaker than the main result of Roldán et al. [12]. For more publications in this direction, see, e.g., [10, 13–17]. We also notice that Roldán et al. [18] proved that some multidimensional fixed point results can be reduced to the unidimensional case.
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Acknowledgements
The first author was supported by the Research Center, College of Science, King Saud University. The last three authors were supported by Junta the Andalucía through Projects FQM-268, FQM-235 and FQM-178 of the Andalusian CICYE.
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Karapınar, E., Roldán, A., Roldán, C. et al. A note on ‘N-fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractions in partially ordered metric spaces’. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2013, 310 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2013-310
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2013-310