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A general iterative algorithm for an infinite family of nonexpansive operators in Hilbert spaces

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new general iterative algorithm for an infinite family of nonexpansive operators in Hilbert spaces. Under suitable assumptions, we prove that the sequence generated by the iterative algorithm converges strongly to a common point of the sets of fixed points, which solves a variational inequality. Our results improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others. As applications, at the end of the paper, we apply our results to the split common fixed point problem.

1 Introduction

Let H be a real Hilbert space with the inner product , and the norm . Let T be a nonexpansive operator. The set of fixed points of T is denoted by Fix(T). In 2000, Moudafi [1] introduced the viscosity approximation method for a nonexpansive operator and considered the sequence { x n } by

x n + 1 = α n f x n +(1 α n )T x n ,
(1.1)

where f is a contraction on H and { α n } is a sequence in (0,1). In 2004, Xu [2] proved that under some conditions on { α n }, the sequence { x n } generated by (1.1) strongly converges to x in Fix(T) which is the unique solution of the variational inequality

( I f ) x , x x 0,xFix(T).

It is well known that iterative methods for nonexpansive operators have been used to solve convex minimization problems; see, e.g., [3, 4]. A typical problem is to minimize a quadratic function over the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive operator T on a real Hilbert space H:

min x Fix ( T ) 1 2 Ax,xx,b,
(1.2)

where b is a given point in H and A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator. In [3], Xu proved that the sequence { x n } defined by the following iterative method:

x n + 1 =(I α n A)T x n + α n b,
(1.3)

converges strongly to the unique solution of the minimization problem (1.2). In [5], Marino and Xu combined the iterative method (1.3) and the viscosity method (1.1) and considered the following general iterative method:

x n + 1 = α n γf x n +(I α n A)T x n .
(1.4)

They proved that the sequence { x n } generated by (1.4) converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

( A γ f ) x , x x 0,xFix(T),

which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem

min x Fix ( T ) 1 2 Ax,xh(x),

where h is a potential function for γf (i.e., h (x)=γf(x) for xH).

On the other hand, Yamada [4] in 2001 introduced the following hybrid iterative method:

x n + 1 =T x n μ λ n FT x n ,n0,
(1.5)

where F is a k-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with k>0, η>0 and 0<μ<2η/ k 2 . Under some appropriate conditions, he proved that the sequence { x n } generated by (1.5) converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

F x ˜ ,x x ˜ 0,xFix(T).

Recently, combining (1.4) and (1.5), Tian [6] considered the following general iterative method:

x n + 1 = α n γf x n +(Iμ α n F)T x n .
(1.6)

Improving and extending the corresponding results given by Marino, Xu and Yamada, he proved that the sequence { x n } generated by (1.6) converges strongly to the unique solution x Fix(T) of the variational inequality

( γ f μ F ) x ˜ , x x ˜ 0,xFix(T).

Based on the above results of Marino, Xu, Yamada and Tian, much generalization work has been made by the corresponding authors; for instance, [723]. The problem of finding an element in the intersection of the fixed point sets of an infinite family of nonexpansive operators has attracted much attention because of its extraordinary utility and broad applicability in many branches of mathematical science and engineering. For example, if the nonexpansive operators are projection onto some closed convex sets C i (iN) in a real Hilbert space H, then such a fixed point problem becomes the convex feasibility problem of finding a point in i N C i . Many previous results [2431] and many results not cited here considered the common fixed point about an infinite family of nonexpansive operators by W n -mappings.

Motivated and inspired by the above results, we consider the following iterative algorithm without W n -mappings:

{ y n = β n x n + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n , x n + 1 = α n γ V x n + ( I μ α n F ) y n ,
(1.7)

where { α n } is a sequence in (0,1] and { β n } is a strictly decreasing sequence in (0,1]. Under some appropriate conditions, we proved the sequence { x n } generated by (1.7) converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality:

( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , z x ˜ 0,z i = 1 Fix( T i ).

Our results improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others. As applications, at the end of the paper, we apply our results to the split common fixed point problem.

2 Preliminaries

Throughout this paper, we write x n x and x n x to indicate that { x n } converges weakly to x and converges strongly to x, respectively.

An operator T:HH is said to be nonexpansive if TxTyxy for all x,yH. It is well known that Fix(T) is closed and convex. It is known that A is called strongly positive if there exists a constant γ>0 such that Ax,xγ x 2 for all xH. The operator F is called η-strongly monotone if there exists a constant η>0 such that

xy,FxFyη x y 2

for all x,yH.

In order to prove our main results, we collect the following lemmas in this section.

Lemma 2.1 (Demiclosedness principle [32])

Let H be a Hilbert space, C be a closed convex subset of H, and T:CC be a nonexpansive operator with Fix(T). If { x n } is a sequence in C weakly converging to xC and {(IT) x n } converges strongly to yC, then (IT)x=y. In particular, if y=0, then xFix(T).

Lemma 2.2 [2]

Assume that { a n } is a sequence of nonnegative real numbers such that

a n + 1 (1 γ n ) a n + δ n ,n0,

where { γ n } is a sequence in (0,1) and { δ n } is a sequence such that

  1. (i)

    n = 1 γ n =,

  2. (ii)

    lim sup n δ n γ n 0 or n = 1 | δ n |<.

Then lim n a n =0.

Lemma 2.3 [33]

Let H be a real Hilbert space, let V:HH be an L-Lipschitzian operator with L>0, and let F:HH be a k-Lipschitzian continuous operator and η-strongly monotone operator with k>0, η>0. Then, for 0<γ< μ η L , μFγV is strongly monotone with coefficient μηγL.

Lemma 2.4 [34]

Let C be a closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H, given xH and yC. Then y= P C x if and only if the following inequality holds:

xy,zy0

for every zC.

3 Main results

Lemma 3.1 Let { T n }:HH be an infinite family of nonexpansive operators, let F:HH be a k-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with k>0 and η>0, and let V:HH be an L-Lipschitzian operator. Let 0<μ< 2 η k 2 and 0<γ< μ ( η 1 2 μ k 2 ) L = τ L . Assume that S n = β n I+ i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i , where { β n } is a strictly decreasing sequence with β 0 =1 and β n (0,1]. Consider the following mapping G n on H defined by

G n x= α n γVx+(Iμ α n F) S n x,

where { α n } is a sequence in (0,1]. Then G n is a contraction.

Proof Observe that

G n x G n y α n γ V x V y + ( 1 α n τ ) S n x S n y α n γ L x y + ( 1 α n τ ) β n ( x y ) + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) ( T i x T i y ) α n γ L x y + ( 1 α n τ ) ( β n x y + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) x y ) = α n γ L x y + ( 1 α n τ ) x y = ( 1 α n ( τ γ L ) ) x y .

Since 0<1 α n (τγL)<1, G n is a contraction. This completes the proof. □

Since G n is a contraction, using the Banach contraction principle, G n has a unique fixed point x n V H such that

x n V = α n γV x n V +(Iμ α n F) S n x n V .

For simplicity, we denote x n for x n V without confusion.

Now we state and prove our main results in this paper.

Theorem 3.2 Let { T n } be an infinite family of nonexpansive self-mappings of a real Hilbert space H, let F be a k-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator on H with k>0 and η>0, and let V be an L-Lipschitzian operator. Suppose that Ω= i = 1 Fix( T i ) is nonempty. Suppose that { x n } is generated by the following algorithm:

{ y n = β n x n + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n , x n = α n γ V x n + ( I μ α n F ) y n ,
(3.1)

where 0<μ< 2 η k 2 and 0<γ< τ L with τ=μ(η 1 2 μ k 2 ). If the following conditions are satisfied:

  1. (i)

    { α n } is a sequence in (0,1] and lim n α n =0;

  2. (ii)

    { β n } is a strictly decreasing sequence in (0,1] and β 0 =1.

Then { x n } converges strongly to x ˜ Ω, which solves the variational inequality:

( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , z x ˜ 0,zΩ.
(3.2)

Equivalently, we have P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ = x ˜ .

Proof We proceed with the following steps:

Step 1: First we show that { x n } is bounded.

In fact, let pΩ, then for every iN, T i p=p. Observe that

y n p β n x n p+ i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n T i p x n p.

Thus it follows that

x n p = α n γ V x n + ( I μ α n F ) y n p = α n ( γ V x n μ F p ) + ( I μ α n F ) y n ( I μ α n F ) p ( 1 α n τ ) y n p + α n ( γ V x n γ V p + γ V p μ F p ) ( 1 α n τ ) y n p + α n γ L x n p + α n γ V p μ F p ( 1 α n ( τ γ L ) ) x n p + α n γ V p μ F p .

Then we have

x n p 1 τ γ L γVpμFp,

which implies that { x n } is bounded. Hence we can obtain { y n }, { T i x n }, {F y n } and {V x n } are bounded. Note that

x n y n = α n γ V x n + ( I μ α n F ) y n y n = α n γV x n μF y n ,

we immediately obtain that

lim n x n y n =0.
(3.3)

Step 2: We show lim n x n T i x n =0.

Since pΩ, we note that

x n p 2 T i x n p 2 = T i x n x n + x n p 2 = T i x n x n 2 + x n p 2 + 2 T i x n x n , x n p ,

which implies that

1 2 T i x n x n 2 x n T i x n , x n p.

Thus

1 2 i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n x n 2 i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) x n T i x n , x n p = ( 1 β n ) x n i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n , x n p = ( 1 β n ) x n y n + β n x n , x n p = x n y n , x n p x n y n x n p .

Then we immediately obtain lim n i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n x n 2 =0. Since { β n } is strictly decreasing, it follows that

lim n T i x n x n =0
(3.4)

for every iN. Since S n = β n I+ i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i , thus

x n S n x n 2 i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n x n 2 .

It shows that

lim n x n S n x n =0.
(3.5)

Step 3: We show that there exists a subsequence { x n k } of { x n } such that x n k x ˜ .

Since { x n } is bounded, there exist a point x ˜ H and a subsequence { x n k } of { x n } such that x n k x ˜ . By Lemma 2.1 and (3.4), we obtain x ˜ Fix( T i ) for any iN. This shows that x ˜ Ω. On the other hand, we note that

x n x ˜ = α n γ V x n + ( I μ α n F ) y n x ˜ = ( I α n ( μ F γ V ) ) y n ( I α n ( μ F γ V ) ) x ˜ α n ( μ F γ V ) x ˜ + α n ( γ V x n γ V y n ) .

Hence we obtain

x n x ˜ 2 = ( I α n ( μ F γ V ) ) y n ( I α n ( μ F γ V ) ) x ˜ , x n x ˜ α n ( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , x n x ˜ + α n γ V x n γ V y n , x n x ˜ ( I α n ( μ F γ V ) ) y n ( I α n ( μ F γ V ) ) x ˜ x n x ˜ α n ( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , x n x ˜ + α n γ L x n y n x n x ˜ ( 1 α n ( τ γ L ) ) x n x ˜ 2 α n ( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , x n x ˜ + α n γ L x n y n x n x ˜ .

Then it follows that

x n x ˜ 2 γ L τ γ L x n y n x n x ˜ 1 τ γ L ( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , x n x ˜ .

In particular,

x n k x ˜ 2 γ L τ γ L x n k y n k x n k x ˜ 1 τ γ L ( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , x n k x ˜ .

From x n k x ˜ and (3.3), it follows that x n k x ˜ .

Step 4: We show that x ˜ solves the variational inequality (3.2).

Observe that

x n = α n γV x n +(Iμ α n F) S n x n .

Hence, we conclude that

( μ F γ V ) x n = ( μ F γ V ) ( x n S n x n ) + μ F S n x n γ V S n x n = ( μ F γ V ) ( x n S n x n ) + ( γ V x n γ V S n x n ) γ V x n + μ F S n x n = ( μ F γ V ) ( x n S n x n ) + ( γ V x n γ V S n x n ) 1 α n ( I S n ) x n .

Since S n is nonexpansive, we have that I S n is monotone. Note that for any zΩ, S n z=z. Then we deduce

( μ F γ V ) x n , x n z = 1 α n ( I S n ) x n ( I S n ) z , x n z + ( μ F γ V ) ( I S n ) x n , x n z + γ V x n γ V S n x n , x n z ( μ F γ V ) ( I S n ) x n , x n z + γ L x n S n x n x n z .

Now, replacing n with n k in the above inequality, and letting k, by (3.5) we have

( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , x ˜ z = lim k 0 ( μ F γ V ) x n k , x n k z lim k 0 ( ( μ F γ V ) ( x n k S n k x n k ) , x n k z + γ L x n k S n k x n k x n k z ) = 0 .

That is, (μFγV) x ˜ ,z x ˜ 0 for every zΩ. It follows that x ˜ is a solution of the variational inequality (3.2). Since μFγV is (μηγL)-strongly monotone and (μkγL)-Lipschitzian, the variational inequality (3.2) has a unique solution. So, we conclude that x n x ˜ as n. The variational inequality (3.2) can be written as

( I μ F + γ V ) x ˜ x ˜ , z x ˜ 0,zΩ.

By Lemma 2.4, we have P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ = x ˜ . □

Theorem 3.3 Let { T n } be an infinite family of nonexpansive self-mappings of a real Hilbert space H, let F be a k-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator on H with k>0 and η>0, and let V be an L-Lipschitzian operator. Suppose that Ω= i = 1 Fix( T i ) is nonempty. Suppose that x 1 H, 0<μ< 2 η k 2 and 0<γ< τ L with τ=μ(η 1 2 μ k 2 ). Let β 0 =1, { α n } be a sequence in (0,1], and let { β n } be a strictly decreasing sequence in (0,1]. If the following conditions are satisfied:

  1. (i)

    lim n α n =0;

  2. (ii)

    n = 1 α n =;

  3. (iii)

    n = 1 | α n + 1 α n |<;

  4. (iv)

    n = 1 | β n + 1 β n |<.

Then { x n } generated by (1.7) converges strongly to x ˜ Ω, which solves the variational inequality

( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , z x ˜ 0,zΩ.
(3.6)

Equivalently, we have P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ = x ˜ .

Proof We proceed with the following steps:

Step 1: First show that there exists x ˜ Ω such that x ˜ = P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ .

In fact, by Lemma 2.3, μFγV is strongly monotone. So, the variational inequality (3.6) has only one solution. We set x ˜ Ω to indicate the unique solution of (3.6). The variational inequality (3.6) can be written as

( I μ F + γ V ) x ˜ x ˜ , z x ˜ 0,zΩ.

So, by Lemma 2.4, it is equivalent to the fixed point equation

P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ = x ˜ .

Step 2: Now we show that { x n } is bounded.

Let pΩ, then for every iN, T i p=p. Observe that

y n p β n x n p + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n p β n x n p + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) x n p = x n p .

Thus it follows that

x n + 1 p = α n γ V x n + ( I μ α n F ) y n p = α n ( γ V x n μ F p ) + ( I μ α n F ) y n ( I μ α n F ) p ( 1 α n τ ) y n p + α n ( γ V x n γ V p + γ V p μ F p ) ( 1 α n τ ) y n p + α n γ L x n p + α n γ V p μ F p [ 1 α n ( τ γ L ) ] x n p + α n ( τ γ L ) γ V p μ F p τ γ L max { x n p , γ V p μ F p τ γ L } max { x 1 p , γ V p μ F p τ γ L } .

Therefore, { x n } is bounded. Hence we can obtain that { y n }, { T i x n }, {F y n } and {V x n } are bounded.

Step 3: we show lim n x n + 1 x n =0.

We observe that

x n + 1 x n = α n γ V x n + ( I μ α n F ) y n α n 1 γ V x n 1 ( I μ α n 1 F ) y n 1 = α n γ ( V x n V x n 1 ) + ( α n α n 1 ) γ V x n 1 + ( ( I μ α n F ) y n ( I μ α n F ) y n 1 ) + ( α n 1 α n ) μ F y n 1 .

It follows that

x n + 1 x n α n γ V x n V x n 1 + | α n α n 1 | γ V x n 1 + ( 1 α n τ ) y n y n 1 + | α n 1 α n | μ F y n 1 .
(3.7)

We have

y n y n 1 = β n x n + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n β n 1 x n 1 i = 1 n 1 ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n 1 β n x n x n 1 + | β n β n 1 | x n 1 + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n T i x n 1 + | β n β n 1 | T n x n 1 x n x n 1 + | β n β n 1 | ( x n 1 + T n x n 1 ) .
(3.8)

Combining (3.7) and (3.8), we obtain that

x n + 1 x n α n γ L x n x n 1 + | α n α n 1 | ( γ V x n 1 + μ F y n 1 ) + ( 1 α n τ ) x n x n 1 + | β n β n 1 | ( 1 α n τ ) ( x n 1 + T n x n 1 ) = ( 1 α n ( τ γ L ) ) x n x n 1 + | α n α n 1 | ( γ V x n 1 + μ F y n 1 ) + | β n β n 1 | ( 1 α n τ ) ( x n 1 + T n x n 1 ) .

Using (ii), (iii), (iv) and Lemma 2.2, we have lim n x n + 1 x n =0.

Step 4: We show lim n T i x n x n =0 for all iN.

Since pΩ, we note that

x n p 2 T i x n T i p 2 = T i x n x n + x n p 2 = T i x n x n 2 + x n p 2 + 2 T i x n x n , x n p ,

which implies that

1 2 T i x n x n 2 x n T i x n , x n p.
(3.9)

From (1.7) and (3.9), we deduce

1 2 i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n x n 2 i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) x n T i x n , x n p = ( 1 β n ) x n i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n , x n p = ( 1 β n ) x n y n + β n x n , x n p = x n y n , x n p = x n x n + 1 , x n p + x n + 1 y n , x n p .

Using (1.7), we can have

1 2 i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n x n 2 x n x n + 1 , x n p + α n γ V x n μ F y n , x n p x n x n + 1 x n p + α n γ V x n μ F y n x n p .

Noting that lim n x n x n + 1 =0 and lim n α n =0, we immediately obtain

lim n i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i x n x n 2 =0.

Since { β n } is strictly decreasing, it follows that for every iN,

lim n T i x n x n =0.
(3.10)

Step 5: Show lim sup n (γVμF) x ˜ , x n x ˜ 0, where x ˜ = P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ .

Since { x n } is bounded, there exist a point vH and a subsequence { x n k } of { x n } such that

lim sup n ( γ V μ F ) x ˜ , x n x ˜ = lim k ( γ V μ F ) x ˜ , x n k x ˜

and x n k v. Now, applying (3.10) and Lemma 2.1, we conclude that vFix( T i ) for every iN. Hence, vΩ. Since Ω is closed and convex, by Lemma 2.4, we get

lim sup n ( γ V μ F ) x ˜ , x n x ˜ = lim k ( γ V μ F ) x ˜ , x n k x ˜ = ( γ V μ F ) x ˜ , v x ˜ 0 .
(3.11)

Step 6: Show x n x ˜ = P Ω (IμF+γV)( x ˜ ).

Since x ˜ Ω, we have T i x ˜ = x ˜ for every iN. Using (1.7), we have

x n + 1 x ˜ 2 = α n γ V x n + ( I μ α n F ) y n x ˜ 2 = ( I μ α n F ) y n ( I μ α n F ) x ˜ + α n ( γ V x n μ F x ˜ ) 2 ( I μ α n F ) y n ( I μ α n F ) x ˜ 2 + 2 α n γ V x n μ F x ˜ , x n + 1 x ˜ ( 1 α n τ ) 2 y n x ˜ 2 + 2 α n γ V x n V x ˜ , x n + 1 x ˜ + 2 α n γ V x ˜ μ F x ˜ , x n + 1 x ˜ ( 1 α n τ ) 2 x n x ˜ 2 + α n L γ ( x n x ˜ 2 + x n + 1 x ˜ 2 ) + 2 α n γ V x ˜ μ F x ˜ , x n + 1 x ˜ ,

which implies that

x n + 1 x ˜ 2 ( 1 α n τ ) 2 + α n γ L 1 α n γ L x n x ˜ 2 + 2 α n 1 α n γ L γ V x ˜ μ F x ˜ , x n + 1 x ˜ ( 1 2 α n ( τ γ L ) 1 α n γ L ) x n x ˜ 2 + 2 α n ( τ γ L ) 1 α n γ L [ 1 τ γ L γ V x ˜ μ F x ˜ , x n + 1 x ˜ ] .

Consequently, according to (3.11) and Lemma 2.2, we deduce that { x n } converges strongly to x ˜ = P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ . This completes the proof. □

Corollary 3.4 Let T be a nonexpansive self-mapping of a real Hilbert space H, let F be a k-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator on H with k>0 and η>0, and let V be an L-Lipschitzian operator. Suppose that Ω=Fix(T) is nonempty. Suppose that x 1 H and that { x n } is generated by the following algorithm:

x n + 1 = α n γV( x n )+(Iμ α n F)T x n ,

where 0<μ< 2 η k 2 and 0<γ< τ L with τ=μ(η 1 2 μ k 2 ). Let { α n } be in (0,1]. If the following conditions are satisfied:

  1. (i)

    lim n α n =0;

  2. (ii)

    n = 1 α n =;

  3. (iii)

    n = 1 | α n + 1 α n |<.

Then { x n } converges strongly to x ˜ Ω, which solves the variational inequality

( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , z x ˜ 0,zΩ.

Equivalently, we have P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ = x ˜ .

Proof Set { T n } to be the sequences of operators defined by T n =T for all nN in Theorem 3.3. Then by Theorem 3.3, we obtain the desired result. □

4 Application in the split common fixed point problem

Let H 1 and H 2 be Hilbert spaces, let A: H 1 H 2 be a bounded linear operator. The split common fixed point problem (SCFPP) is to find a point x H 1 satisfied with

x i = 1 p Fix( U i ),A x j = 1 r Fix( T j ),

where U i : H 1 H 1 (i=1,2,,p) and T j : H 2 H 2 (j=1,2,,r) are nonlinear operators. The concept of the SCFPP in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces was firstly introduced by Censor and Segal in [35]. Now we consider a generalized split common fixed point problem (GSCFPP) which is to find a point

x i = 1 Fix( U i ),A x j = 1 Fix( T j ).
(4.1)

We know that if for all i and j, U i and T j are nonexpansive operators, the GSCFPP is equivalent to the following common fixed point problem:

x i = 1 Fix( U i ), x j = 1 Fix( V j ),

where V j =Iγ A (I T j )A with 0<γ 1 A 2 for every jN (see [36]). The solution set of GSCFPP (4.1) is denoted by S.

Theorem 4.1 Let { U n } and { T n } be sequences of nonexpansive operators on real Hilbert spaces H 1 and H 2 , respectively. Let F be a k-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator on H 1 with k>0 and η>0. Let V be an L-Lipschitzian operator. Suppose that S is nonempty. Suppose that x 1 H and that { x n } is generated by the following algorithm:

{ y n = β n x n + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) U i ( I γ A ( I T i ) A ) x n , x n + 1 = α n γ V ( x n ) + ( I μ α n F ) y n ,

where 0<μ< 2 η k 2 and 0<γ< τ L with τ=μ(η 1 2 μ k 2 ). Let { α n } be in (0,1], { β n } be a strictly decreasing sequence in (0,1] and β 0 =1. If the following conditions are satisfied:

  1. (i)

    lim n α n =0;

  2. (ii)

    n = 1 α n =;

  3. (iii)

    n = 1 | α n + 1 α n |<;

  4. (iv)

    n = 1 | β n + 1 β n |<.

Then { x n } converges strongly to x ˜ S, which solves the variational inequality

( μ F γ V ) x ˜ , z x ˜ 0,zS.

Equivalently, we have P Ω (IμF+γV) x ˜ = x ˜ .

Proof Set { T n } to be the sequences of operators defined by T n := U n (Iγ A (I T n )A) for all nN in Theorem 3.3. By Theorem 3.3, we can obtain

lim n U i ( I γ A ( I T i ) A ) x n x n =0

in Step 4. But it does not imply that the set of cluster points of the weak topology ω w ( x n ) is a subset of S. In order to prove this, we only show lim n T i A x n x n =0 and lim n U i x n x n =0.

Since pΩ, T i Ap=Ap. Hence, for every iN,

A x n A p 2 T i A x n T i A p 2 = T i A x n A p 2 = T i A x n A x n + A x n A p 2 = T i A x n A x n 2 + A x n A p 2 + 2 T i A x n A x n , A x n A p ,

which yields that

T i A x n A x n ,A x n Ap 1 2 T i A x n A x n 2
(4.2)

for every iN. Using (4.2), we note that

y n p 2 = β n ( x n p ) + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) ( U i ( I γ A ( I T i ) A ) x n p ) 2 β n x n p 2 + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) x n + γ A ( T i I ) A x n p 2 β n x n p 2 + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) ( x n p 2 + γ 2 A 2 T i A x n A x n 2 + 2 γ A x n A p , T i A x n A x n ) x n p 2 + i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) ( γ 2 A 2 T i A x n A x n 2 γ T i A x n A x n 2 ) = x n p 2 + γ ( γ A 2 1 ) i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i A x n A x n 2 .

Thus

γ ( 1 γ A 2 ) i = 1 n ( β i 1 β i ) T i A x n A x n 2 = x n p 2 y n p 2 = ( x n p y n p ) ( x n p + y n p ) x n y n ( x n p + y n p ) .

It follows that lim n T i A x n A x n =0. Now we show that lim n U i x n x n =0. Note that

U i x n x n U i x n U i ( I γ A ( I T i ) A ) x n + U i ( I γ A ( I T i ) A ) x n x n x n ( I γ A ( I T i ) A ) x n + U i ( I γ A ( I T i ) A ) x n x n γ A ( T i I ) A x n + U i ( I γ A ( I T i ) A ) x n x n .

Then we have lim n U i x n x n =0 for every iN. Then we can have ω w ( x n )S. Hence, by Theorem 3.3, we obtain the desired result. □

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the Fundamental Science Research Funds for the Central Universities (Program No. ZXH2012K001).

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Zhang, C., He, S. A general iterative algorithm for an infinite family of nonexpansive operators in Hilbert spaces. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2013, 138 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2013-138

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