- Research Article
- Open access
- Published:
Iterative Methods for Family of Strictly Pseudocontractive Mappings and System of Generalized Mixed Equilibrium Problems and Variational Inequality Problems
Fixed Point Theory and Applications volume 2011, Article number: 852789 (2011)
Abstract
We introduce a new iterative scheme by hybrid method for finding a common element of the set of common fixed points of infinite family of -strictly pseudocontractive mappings and the set of common solutions to a system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems and the set of solutions to a variational inequality problem in a real Hilbert space. We then prove strong convergence of the scheme to a common element of the three above described sets. We give an application of our results. Our results extend important recent results from the current literature.
1. Introduction
Let be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a real Hilbert space . A mapping is called monotone if
A mapping is called inverse-strongly monotone (see, e.g., [1, 2]) if there exists a positive real number such that , for all . For such a case, is called -inverse-strongly monotone. A -inverse-strongly monotone is sometime called -cocoercive. A mapping is said to be relaxed-cocoercive if there exists such that
is said to be relaxed-cocoercive if there exist such that
A mapping is said to be -Lipschitzian if there exists such that
Let be a nonlinear mapping. The variational inequality problem is to find an such that
(See, e.g., [3, 4].) We will denote the set of solutions of the variational inequality problem (1.5) by .
A monotone mapping is said to be maximal if the graph is not properly contained in the graph of any other monotone map, where for a multivalued mapping . It is also known that is maximal if and only if for for every implies . Let be a monotone mapping defined from into and a normal cone to at , that is, . Define a mapping by
Then, is maximal monotone and (see, e.g., [5]).
A mapping is said to be -strictly pseudocontractive if there exists a constant such that
for all . If , then the mapping is nonexpansive. A point is called a fixed point of if . The fixed points set of is the set . Iterative approximation of fixed points of -strictly pseudocontractive mappings have been studied extensively by many authors (see, e.g., [1, 6–9] and the references contained therein).
Let be a real-valued function and a nonlinear mapping. Suppose into is an equilibrium bifunction. That is, , forall . The generalized mixed equilibrium problem is to find (see, e.g., [10–12]) such that
for all . We shall denote the set of solutions of this generalized mixed equilibrium problem by . Thus,
If , then problem (1.8) reduces to equilibrium problem studied by many authors (see, e.g., [8, 13–17]), which is to find such that
for all . The set of solutions of (1.10) is denoted by .
If , then problem (1.8) reduces to generalized equilibrium problem studied by many authors (see, e.g., [18–20]), which is to find such that
for all . The set of solutions of (1.11) is denoted by EP.
If , then problem (1.8) reduces to mixed equilibrium problem considered by many authors (see, e.g., [21–23]), which is to find such that
for all . The set of solutions of (1.12) is denoted by MEP.
The generalized mixed equilibrium problems include fixed-point problems, optimization problems, variational inequality problems, Nash equilibrium problems, and equilibrium problems as special cases (see, e.g., [24]). Numerous problems in Physics, optimization, and economics reduce to find a solution of problem (1.8). Several methods have been proposed to solve the fixed-point problems, variational inequality problems and equilibrium problems in the literature (see, e.g., [5, 11, 12, 20, 25–30]).
Recently, Ceng and Yao [25] introduced a new iterative scheme of approximating a common element of the set of solutions to mixed equilibrium problem and set of common fixed points of finite family of nonexpansive mappings in a real Hilbert space . In their results, they imposed the following condition on a nonempty closed and convex subset of :
(E) is -strongly convex and its derivative is sequentially continuous from weak topology to the strong topology.
We remark here that this condition (E) has been used by many authors for approximation of solution to mixed equilibrium problem in a real Hilbert space (see, e.g., [31, 32]). However, it is observed that the condition (E) does not include the case and . Furthermore, Peng and Yao [21], R. Wangkeeree and R. Wangkeeree [30], and many other authors replaced condition (E) with the following conditions:
(B1) for each and , there exists a bounded subset and such that for any ,
or
(B2) is a bounded set.
Consequently, conditions (B1) and (B2) have been used by many authors in approximating solution to generalized mixed equilibrium (mixed equilibrium) problems in a real Hilbert space (see, e.g., [21, 30]).
Recently, Takahashi et al. [33] proved the following convergence theorem using hybrid method.
Theorem 1.1 (Takahashi et al. [33]).
Let be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a real Hilbert space . Let be a nonexpansive mapping of into itself such that . For , define sequences and of as follows:
Assume that satisfies . Then, converges strongly to .
Motivated by the results of Takahashi et al. [33], Kumam [28] studied the problem of approximating a common element of set of solutions to an equilibrium problem, set of solutions to variational inequality problem and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in a real Hilbert space. In particular, he proved the following theorem.
Theorem 1.2 (Kumam, [28]).
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space . Let be a bifunction from satisfying (A1)–(A4) and let be a -inverse-strongly monotone mapping of into . Let be a nonexpansive mapping of into such that . For , define sequences and of as follows:
Assume that and satisfy
Then, converges strongly to .
Motivated by the ongoing research and the above-mentioned results, we introduce a new iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of an infinite family of-strictly pseudocontractive mappings, the set of common solutions to a system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems and the set of solutions to a variational inequality problem in a real Hilbert space. Furthermore, we show that our new iterative scheme converges strongly to a common element of the three afore mentioned sets. In our results, we use conditions (B1) and (B2) mentioned above. Our result extends many important recent results. Finally, we give some applications of our results.
2. Preliminaries
Let be a real Hilbert space with inner product and norm and let be a nonempty closed and convex subset of . The strong convergence of to is denoted by as .
For any point , there exists a unique point such that
is called the metric projection of onto . We know that is a nonexpansive mapping of onto . It is also known that satisfies
for all . Furthermore, is characterized by the properties and
for all and
In the context of the variational inequality problem, (2.3) implies that
If is -inverse-strongly monotone mapping of into , then it is obvious that is -Lipschitz continuous. We also have that for all and ,
So, if , then is a nonexpansive mapping of into .
For solving the generalized mixed equilibrium problem for a bifunction , let us assume that satisfies the following conditions:
(A1) for all ,
(A2) is monotone, that is, for all ,
(A3) for each ,
(A4)for each is convex and lower semicontinuous.
We need the following technical result.
Lemma 2.1 (R. Wangkeeree and R. Wangkeeree [30]).
Assume that satisfies (A1)–(A4) and let be a proper lower semicontinuous and convex function. Assume that either (B1) or (B2) holds. For and , define a mapping as follows:
for all . Then, the following hold:
(1)for each ,
(2) is single-valued,
(3) is firmly nonexpansive, that is, for any ,
(4),
(5) is closed and convex.
3. Main Results
Theorem 3.1.
Let be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a real Hilbert space . For each , let be a bifunction from satisfying (A1)–(A4), a proper lower semicontinuous and convex function with assumption () or (), an -inverse-strongly monotone mapping of into , a -inverse-strongly monotone mapping of into and for each , let be a -strictly pseudocontractive mapping for some such that . Let be a μ-Lipschitzian, relaxed -cocoercive mapping of into . Suppose . Let , , , and be generated by , , ,
Assume that and satisfy
(i),
(ii),
(iii),
(iv).
Then, converges strongly to .
Proof.
For all and , we obtain
This shows that is nonexpansive for each . Let . Then
Since both and are nonexpansive for each and , from (2.6), we have
Therefore,
Let , then is closed convex for each . Now assume that is closed convex for some . Then, from definition of , we know that is closed convex for the same . Hence, is closed convex for and for each . This implies that is closed convex for . Furthermore, we show that . For , . For , let . Then,
which shows that , for all , for all . Thus, , for all , for all . Hence, it follows that , for all . Therefore, is well defined. Since , for all and , for all , we have
Also, as , by (2.1) it follows that
From (3.7) and (3.8), we have that exists. Hence, is bounded and so are , , , , , , and , . For , we have that . By (2.4), we obtain
Letting and taking the limit in (3.9), we have , , which shows that is Cauchy. In particular, . Since, is Cauchy and is closed, there exists such that , . Since , therefore
and it follows that
Thus,
Furthermore,
Since , , we have
Hence, . From (3.1), we have
On the other hand,
and hence
Putting (3.17) into (3.15), we have
It follows that
Therefore, . Furthermore,
Since and , we have
Hence, . From (3.1), we have
On the other hand,
and hence
Putting (3.24) into (3.22), we have
It follows that
Therefore, . Then, we obtain that
Since , then
But implies that
Putting (3.29) into (3.28), we have
Thus, we get
But
Putting (3.32) into (3.31) and rearranging, we have
Hence, , . Now,
Furthermore,
Thus,
By conditions (iii) and (iv), we have that . Now, (2.2), we obtain
Thus,
Using this last inequality, we obtain from (3.1) that
This implies that
Since , we have . Also since and , we have that . By and , , we have that .Since , , we have for any that
Furthermore, from the last inequality and using (A2), we obtain
Let for all and . This implies that . Then, we have
Since , , we obtain , . Furthermore, by the monotonicity of , we obtain . Then, by (A4) we obtain (noting that , since ),
Using (A1), (A4) and (3.44), we also obtain
and hence
Letting , we have, for each ,
This implies that . By following the same arguments, we can show that .
Next, we show . Put
Since is relaxed -cocoercive and by condition (iv), we have
which shows that is monotone. Thus, is maximal monotone. Let . Since and , we have
On the other hand, from , we have
and hence
It follows that
which implies that . We have and hence . Therefore, .
Noting that , we have by (2.3) that
for all . Since and by the continuity of inner product, we obtain from the above inequality that
for all . By (2.3) again, we conclude that . This completes the proof.
Corollary 3.2.
Let be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a real Hilbert space . For each , let be a bifunction from satisfying (A1)–(A4), a proper lower semicontinuous and convex function with assumption (B1) or (B2), an -inverse-strongly monotone mapping of into , a -inverse-strongly monotone mapping of into and for each , let be a nonexpansive mapping such that . Let be a -Lipschitzian, relaxed -cocoercive mapping of into . Suppose . Let , , , and be generated by , , , ,
Assume that , and satisfy
(i),
(ii),
(iii),
(iv).
Then, converges strongly to .
Let be a nonempty closed and convex cone in and an operator of into . We define the polar of in to be the set
Then, the element is called a solution of the complementarity problem if
The set of solutions of the complementarity problem is denoted by . We shall assume that satisfies the following conditions:
(E1) is -inverse strongly monotone,
(E2).
Also, we replace conditions (B1) and (B2) with
(D1) for each and there exist a bounded subset and such that for any ,
(D2) is a bounded set.
Theorem 3.3.
Let be a nonempty closed and convex cone of a real Hilbert space . For each , let be a bifunction from satisfying (A1)–(A4), a proper lower semicontinuous and convex function with assumption () or (), an -inverse-strongly monotone mapping of into , a -inverse-strongly monotone mapping of into and for each , let be a -strictly pseudocontractive mapping for some such that . Let be a -Lipschitzian, relaxed -cocoercive mapping of into . Suppose . Let , and be generated by ,
Assume that , and satisfy
(i),
(ii),
(iii),
(iv).
Then, converges strongly to .
Proof.
Using Lemma  7.1.1 of [34], we have that . Hence, by Theorem 3.1, we obtain the desired conclusion.
Remark 3.4.
Our Corollary 3.2 extends Theorems 1.1 and 1.2.
Remark 3.5.
Our iterative scheme (3.1) is simpler than the iterative schemes (5.1) and (5.11) of Acedo and Xu [6]. Furthermore, in our results, we use iterative scheme (3.1) to approximate a common fixed point of an infinite family of-strictly pseudocontractive mappings while the iterative schemes (5.1) and (5.11) of Acedo and Xu [6] are used to approximate a common fixed point of a finite family of-strictly pseudocontractive mappings.
Remark 3.6.
Our results also hold for infinite family of uniformly continuous quasistrict pseudocontractions. Hence, we can adapt our results for an infinite family of uniformly continuous quasi-nonexpansive mappings in a real Hilbert space.
References
Browder FE, Petryshyn WV: Construction of fixed points of nonlinear mappings in Hilbert space. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1967, 20: 197–228. 10.1016/0022-247X(67)90085-6
Iiduka H, Takahashi W: Strong convergence theorems for nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotone mappings. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2005,61(3):341–350. 10.1016/j.na.2003.07.023
Bruck RE Jr.: On the weak convergence of an ergodic iteration for the solution of variational inequalities for monotone operators in Hilbert space. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1977,61(1):159–164. 10.1016/0022-247X(77)90152-4
Ceng L-C, Khan AR, Ansari QH, Yao J-C: Viscosity approximation methods for strongly positive and monotone operators. Fixed Point Theory 2009,10(1):35–72.
Rockafellar RT: Monotone operators and the proximal point algorithm. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 1976,14(5):877–898. 10.1137/0314056
Acedo GL, Xu H-K: Iterative methods for strict pseudo-contractions in Hilbert spaces. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2007,67(7):2258–2271. 10.1016/j.na.2006.08.036
Cho YJ, Qin X, Kang JI: Convergence theorems based on hybrid methods for generalized equilibrium problems and fixed point problems. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2009,71(9):4203–4214. 10.1016/j.na.2009.02.106
Liu Y: A general iterative method for equilibrium problems and strict pseudo-contractions in Hilbert spaces. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2009,71(10):4852–4861. 10.1016/j.na.2009.03.060
Zhou H: Convergence theorems of fixed points for -strict pseudo-contractions in Hilbert spaces. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2008,69(2):456–462. 10.1016/j.na.2007.05.032
Liu M, Chang S, Zuo P: On a hybrid method for generalized mixed equilibrium problem and fixed point problem of a family of quasi--asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2010, 2010:-18.
Petrot N, Wattanawitoon K, Kumam P: A hybrid projection method for generalized mixed equilibrium problems and fixed point problems in Banach spaces. Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems 2010,4(4):631–643. 10.1016/j.nahs.2010.03.008
Zhang S: Generalized mixed equilibrium problem in Banach spaces. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. English Edition 2009,30(9):1105–1112. 10.1007/s10483-009-0904-6
Combettes PL, Hirstoaga SA: Equilibrium programming in Hilbert spaces. Journal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis 2005,6(1):117–136.
Plubtieng S, Punpaeng R: A new iterative method for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems of nonexpansive mappings and monotone mappings. Applied Mathematics and Computation 2008,197(2):548–558. 10.1016/j.amc.2007.07.075
Qin X, Shang M, Su Y: Strong convergence of a general iterative algorithm for equilibrium problems and variational inequality problems. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 2008,48(7–8):1033–1046. 10.1016/j.mcm.2007.12.008
Su Y, Shang M, Qin X: An iterative method of solution for equilibrium and optimization problems. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2008,69(8):2709–2719. 10.1016/j.na.2007.08.045
Takahashi S, Takahashi W: Viscosity approximation methods for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems in Hilbert spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2007,331(1):506–518. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.08.036
Qin X, Cho YJ, Kang SM: Viscosity approximation methods for generalized equilibrium problems and fixed point problems with applications. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2010,72(1):99–112. 10.1016/j.na.2009.06.042
Shehu Y: Fixed point solutions of generalized equilibrium problems for nonexpansive mappings. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2010,234(3):892–898. 10.1016/j.cam.2010.01.055
Takahashi S, Takahashi W: Strong convergence theorem for a generalized equilibrium problem and a nonexpansive mapping in a Hilbert space. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2008,69(3):1025–1033. 10.1016/j.na.2008.02.042
Peng J-W, Yao J-C: Strong convergence theorems of iterative scheme based on the extragradient method for mixed equilibrium problems and fixed point problems. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 2009,49(9–10):1816–1828. 10.1016/j.mcm.2008.11.014
Plubtieng S, Sombut K: Weak convergence theorems for a system of mixed equilibrium problems and nonspreading mappings in a Hilbert space. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2010, 2010:-12.
Yao Y, Liou Y-C, Yao J-C: A new hybrid iterative algorithm for fixed-point problems, variational inequality problems, and mixed equilibrium problems. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2008, 2008:-15.
Blum E, Oettli W: From optimization and variational inequalities to equilibrium problems. The Mathematics Student 1994,63(1–4):123–145.
Ceng L-C, Yao J-C: A hybrid iterative scheme for mixed equilibrium problems and fixed point problems. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2008,214(1):186–201. 10.1016/j.cam.2007.02.022
Nadezhkina N, Takahashi W: Weak convergence theorem by an extragradient method for nonexpansive mappings and monotone mappings. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 2006,128(1):191–201. 10.1007/s10957-005-7564-z
Noor MA: General variational inequalities and nonexpansive mappings. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2007,331(2):810–822. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.09.039
Kumam P: A new hybrid iterative method for solution of equilibrium problems and fixed point problems for an inverse strongly monotone operator and a nonexpansive mapping. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing 2009,29(1–2):263–280. 10.1007/s12190-008-0129-1
Qin X, Cho YJ, Kang SM: Convergence theorems of common elements for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems in Banach spaces. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2009,225(1):20–30. 10.1016/j.cam.2008.06.011
Wangkeeree R, Wangkeeree R: A general iterative method for variational inequality problems, mixed equilibrium problems, and fixed point problems of strictly pseudocontractive mappings in Hilbert spaces. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2009, 2009:-32.
Liu M, Chang SS, Zuo P: An algorithm for finding a common solution for a system of mixed equilibrium problem, quasi-variational inclusion problem, and fixed point problem of nonexpansive semigroup. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2010, 2010:-23.
Yao Y, Noor MA, Zainab S, Liou Y-C: Mixed equilibrium problems and optimization problems. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2009,354(1):319–329. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.12.055
Takahashi W, Takeuchi Y, Kubota R: Strong convergence theorems by hybrid methods for families of nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2008,341(1):276–286. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.09.062
Takahashi W: Nonlinear Functional Analysis, Fixed Point Theory and Its Application. Yokohama Publishers, Yokohama, Japan; 2000:iv+276.
Acknowledgments
The author is extremely grateful to Professor S. Al-Homidan and the anonymous referees for their valuable comments and useful suggestions which improve the presentation of this paper. This research work is dedicated to Professor C. E. Chidume with admiration and respect.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Shehu, Y. Iterative Methods for Family of Strictly Pseudocontractive Mappings and System of Generalized Mixed Equilibrium Problems and Variational Inequality Problems. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2011, 852789 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/852789
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/852789