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Strong Convergence of an Iterative Method for Equilibrium Problems and Variational Inequality Problems
Fixed Point Theory and Applications volume 2009, Article number: 362191 (2009)
Abstract
We introduce an iterative method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of equilibrium problems, the set of solutions of variational inequality problems, and the set of fixed points of finite many nonexpansive mappings. We prove strong convergence of the iterative sequence generated by the proposed iterative algorithm to the unique solution of a variational inequality, which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem.
1. Introduction
Let be a real Hilbert space with inner product
and norm
, respectively. Suppose that
is nonempty, closed convex subset of
and
is a bifunction from
to
, where
is the set of real number. The equilibrium problem is to find a
such that

The set of such solutions is denoted by EP(). Numerous problems in physics, optimization, and economics reduce to find a solution of equilibrium problem. Some methods have been proposed to solve the equilibrium problems in Hilbert space, see, for instance, Blum and Oettli [1], Combettes and Hirstoaga [2], and Moudafi [3].
A mapping is called monotone if
.
is called relaxed
-cocoercive, if there exist constants
and
such that

when ,
is called
-strong monotone; when
,
is called relaxed
-cocoercive. Let
be a monotone operator, the variational inequality problem is to find a point
, such that

The set of solutions of variational inequality problem is denoted by . The variational inequality problem has been extensively studied in literatures, see, for example, [4, 5] and references therein.
Let be a strong positive bounded linear operator on
with coefficient
, that is, there exists a constant
such that
. A typical problem is to minimize a quadratic function over the set of the fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping on a real Hilbert space
:

where T is a nonexpansive mapping on and
is a point on
.
A mapping from
into itself is called nonexpansive, if
. The set of fixed points of
is denoted by
. Let
be a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and
, define the mappings

where for all
. Such a mapping
is called
-mapping generated by
and
. We know that
is nonexpansive and
, see [6].
Let be a nonexpansive mapping and
is a contractive with coefficient
. Marino and Xu [7] considered the following general iterative scheme:

They proved that converges strongly to
, where
is the metric projection from
onto
.
By combining equilibrium problems and (1.6), Plutbieng and Pumpaeng [8] proposed the following algorithm:

They proved that if the sequences and
satisfy some appropriate conditions, then sequence
convergence to the unique solution
of the variational inequality

Motivated by [8], Colao et al. [9] introduced an iterative method for equilibrium problem and finite family of nonexpansive mappings

and proved that converges strongly to a point
and
also solves the variational inequality (1.8). For equilibrium problems, also see [10, 11].
On the other hand, let be a
-cocoercive mapping, for finding common element of the solution of variational inequality problems and the set of fixed point of nonexpansive mappings, Takahashi and Toyoda [12] introduced iterative scheme

They proved that converges weakly to
. Inspired by (1.10) and [13], Y. Yao and J.-C. Yao [14] given the following iterative process:

and proved that converges strongly to
. By combining viscosity approximation method and (1.10), Chen et al. [15] introduced the process

and studied the strong convergence of sequence generated by (1.12). Motivated by (1.6), (1.11), and (1.12), Qin et al. [16] introduced the following general iterative process

and established a strong convergence theorem of to an element of
.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the iterative process: and

where is defined by (1.5),
is
-cocoercive, and
is a bounded linear operator. We should show that the sequences
converge strongly to an element of
. Our result extends the corresponding results of Qin et al. [16] and Colao et al. [9], and many others.
2. Preliminaries
Let be a real Hilbert space and
a nonempty, closed convex subset of
. We denote strong convergence of
to
by
and weak convergence by
. Let
is a mapping such that for every point
, there exists a unique
satisfying
, for all
.
is called the metric projection of
onto
. It is known that
is a nonexpansive mapping from
onto
. It is also known that
and


Let be a monotone mapping of
into
, then
if and only if
. The following result is useful in the rest of this paper.
Lemma 2.1 (see [17]).
Assume is a sequence of nonegative real number such that

where is a sequence in
, and
is a sequence in
such that
(1),
(2) or
.
Then, .
Lemma 2.2 (see [18]).
Let be bounded sequences in Banach space
satisfying
and
. Let
be a sequence in
with
. Then,
.
Lemma 2.3.
For all , there holds the inequality

Lemma 2.4 (see [7]).
Assume that is a strong positive linear bounded operator on a Hilbert space
with coefficient
and
. Then
.
For solving the equilibrium problem for a bifunction , we assume that
satisfies the following conditions:
(A1) for all
;
(A2) is monotone:
for all
;
(A3)for all ;
(A4)for all is convex and lower semicontinuous.
The following result is in Blum and Oettli [1].
Lemma 2.5 (see [1]).
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Hilbert space
, let
be a bifunction from
into
satisfying (A1)–(A4), let
, and let
. Then there exists
such that

We also know the following lemmas.
Lemma 2.6 (see [19]).
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of Hilbert space
, let
be a bifunction from
to
satisfying (A1)–(A4), let
, and let
, define a mapping
as follows:

for all . Then, the following holds:
(1) is single-valued;
(2) is firmly nonexpansive-type mapping, that is, for all
,

(3);
(4) is closed and convex.
A monotone operator is said to be maximal monotone if its graph
is not properly contained in the graph of any other monotone operators. Let
be a monotone mapping of
into
and let
be the normal cone for
at a point
, that is

Define

It is known that in this case is maximal monotone, and
if and only if
.
3. Strong Convergence Theorem
Theorem 3.1.
Let be a real Hilbert space and
be a nonempty closed convex subset of
.
a finite family of nonexpansive mappings from
into itself and
a bifunction satisfying (A1)–(A4). Let
be relaxed
-cocoercive and
-Lipschitzian. Let
be an
-contraction with
and
a strong positive linear bounded operator with coefficient
,
is a constant with
. Let sequences
,
be in
and
be in
,
is a constant in
. Assume
and
(i),
;
(ii),
;
(iii) for some
with
and
;
(iv).
Then the sequence generated by (1.14) converges strongly to
and
solves the variational inequality
, that is,

Proof.
Without loss of generality, we can assume . Then from Lemma 2.4 we know

Since is relaxed
-cocoercive and
-Lipschitzian and (iii) holds, we know from [14] that for all
and
, the following holds:

We divide the proof into several steps.
Step 1.
is bounded.
Take , notice that
and form Lemma 2.6(2) that
is nonexpansive, we have

Since , we have

Then we have

Thus From (3.5) we have

hence is bounded, so is
,
.
Step 2.
.
Let , where

Then we have

where

Next we estimate ,
and
. At first

Put , we have

By recursion we get

for some . Similarly, we also get

Since

Put in the first inequality and
in the second one, we have

Adding both inequality, by (A2) we have

therefore, we have

which implies that

Hence we have

so, by (3.20) and the property , we arrive at

where

Therefore, by (3.14) and (3.20) we get

Now submitting (3.11), (3.13), and (3.23) into (3.9), we have

Thus conditions (ii), (iii), and (iv) imply that

Then, Lemma 2.2 yields

Step 3.
for
.
Note that


hence by , we know

By Lemma 2.3, we have

for some . Submitting (3.28) into (3.30), we have

which implies

hence from conditions (i), (iii), and (3.26), we have

Similarly, submitting (3.29) into (3.30), we also have

Step 4.
.
By (2.2) we have

hence

Submitting (3.36) into (3.30), we have

This implies that

Hence by Step 3 we get

Put , where
. We have

Hence

so, we get

Submitting into (3.30), we have

where

which implies

So, we have

which together with (3.39) gives

Since and
is firmly nonexpansive, we have

which implies

which together with (3.30) gives

So

Now (3.47) and condition (i) imply that

Since

Then we get

hence

Note that

thus from (3.47)–(3.55), we have

Step 5.
, where
is the unique solution of variational inequality
Take a subsequence of
, such that

Since is bounded, without loss of generality, we assume
itself converges weakly to a point
. We should prove
.
First, let

with the same argument as used in [14], we can derive , since
is maximal monotone, we know
.
Next, from (A2), for all we have

in particular

Condition (A4) implies that is weakly semicontinuous, then from (3.52) and let
we have

Replacing by
with
, using (A1) and (A4), we get

Divide by in both side yields
, let
, by (A3) we conclude
. Therefore,
.
Finally, from we know that
. Assume
, that is,
. Since Hilbert space satisfies Opial's condition, we have

this is a contradiction, thus , therefore,
. So we know

Step 6.
The sequence converges strongly to
.
From the definition of and Lemmas 2.3, and 2.4, we have

which implies that

Since from condition (i) we have and

so, by Lemma 2.1, we conclude . This completes the proof.
Putting and
for all
in Theorem 3.1, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 3.2.
Let be a real Hilbert space and
be a nonempty closed convex subset of
.
a finite family of nonexpansive mappings from
into itself. Let
be relaxed
-cocoercive and
-Lipschitzian. Let
be an
-contraction with
and
a strong positive linear bounded operator with coefficient
,
be a constant with
. Let sequences
,
in
and
be a constant in
. Assume
and
(i),
;
(ii),
for some
with
and
;
(iii).
Then the sequence generated by
and

converges strongly to and
solves the variational inequality
, that is,

Putting and
,
,
in Theorem 3.1, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 3.3.
Let be a real Hilbert space and
be a nonempty closed convex subset of
.
a finite family of nonexpansive mappings from
into itself and
a bifunction satisfying (A1)–(A4). Let
be an
-contraction with
and
a strong positive linear bounded operator with coefficient
,
is a constant with
. Let sequences
,
in
and
in
. Assume
and
(i),
;
(ii),
.
Then the sequence generated by
and

converges strongly to and
solves the variational inequality
, that is,

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Li, H.Y., Li, H.Z. Strong Convergence of an Iterative Method for Equilibrium Problems and Variational Inequality Problems. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2009, 362191 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/362191
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/362191
Keywords
- Hilbert Space
- Variational Inequality
- Equilibrium Problem
- Nonexpansive Mapping
- Strong Convergence